Introduction
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires all public Exchanges to notify employers when an employee is receiving a subsidy (tax credits and cost-sharing reductions) for individual health insurance purchased through an Exchange and to provide an opportunity for employers to appeal.
The final rules published in August of 2013 state that if the employee has been offered affordable, minimum value coverage, the employer has the opportunity to communicate this to the IRS through an appeal process. The employer has a right, but is not required, to appeal when they feel an employee should not be receiving a subsidy because the employer offers minimum value, affordable coverage.
Purpose
Employers are starting to receive these notices from public Exchanges indicating that one or more employees are currently receiving a subsidy when purchasing individual health insurance coverage through a public Exchange. Some states began sending these notices in 2015, but HHS announced that all federally facilitated Exchanges will begin sending notices in 2016. Just because the employer receives a notice, it does not mean the employer will actually owe a penalty payment under §4980H.
Should Employers Appeal? Maybe…
If an Applicable Large Employer (more than 50 full-time employees) has a full-time employee who was not offered minimum value, affordable coverage, there is nothing to appeal; rather, it serves as an indication that the employer will likely owe a penalty under §4980H for at least some months of the year.
If the employee is not full-time (as defined by the ACA), there is no §4980H employer penalty risk; therefore it would not benefit the employer to appeal on behalf of a part-time employee.
If the employee WAS offered minimum value, affordable coverage, the employer has TWO options:
- Appeal as outlined in the notice and provide proof that the coverage offered provides minimum value and is affordable; or
- Reconcile this with the IRS early the following year when the employer reporting is submitted via Forms 1094-C and 1095-C.
- Such penalties/payments are assessed by the IRS after reconciliation of the employer reporting. And if in response to such reporting the IRS sends a payment notice, the employer will at that time have a chance to appeal with the IRS.
Small Employers (fewer than 50 FTEs) have no penalty exposure under §4980H. The only reason such an employer may want to appeal would be to prevent an employee from incorrectly receiving a subsidy through a public Exchange that may have to be paid back at the end of the year via personal tax return (employee relations). However, perhaps it would be easier simply to have a conversation directly with the employee rather than working through the appeal process.
Appeal Form and Process
So long as the requirements in the final rules are met, each state Exchange is allowed to set up its own process and procedures. Information about how to file an appeal is usually included in the notice, but it may be necessary to check with the applicable Exchange to find out exactly how to handle the appeals process. The particulars of the process, however, are managed by each Exchange separately.
The form being used by federally facilitated Exchanges as well as by 8 other states may be found here (approximately half of the states are currently using this form and process). The forms and processes for all other states may be found by visiting the state’s Exchange site. The process generally involves filing a paper appeal, providing documentation, and in some cases participating in a hearing.
Conclusion
Bottom line, the employer does not have to appeal to avoid a penalty under §4980H. Penalties will not apply until after the employer reporting (via Forms 1094-C and 1095-C) is reconciled. There is some speculation that perhaps it is better to appeal with the Exchange rather than waiting to appeal later with the IRS because the appeal process with the Exchange may be more streamlined and provide for a longer appeal window, especially since the IRS has yet to release any specific guidance regarding its appeal process.
This is a fairly new process, so the best approach for employers is unclear at this point. It may make sense to clear things up sooner rather than later by filing an appeal to avoid hassling with the IRS, and also to prevent the individual from receiving a subsidy for which they are actually ineligible. The appeals process doesn’t appear to be very difficult and may need to be conducted for only a handful of employees. But it’s possible that it could all be cleared up more quickly by simply communicating to the employee that they may be receiving the subsidy in error.
So is it worthwhile to appeal, or potentially even pay a vendor to handle it on the employer’s behalf? Maybe… or maybe not…. We will know more after this first year of employer reporting and have a better understanding of the reconciliation process with the IRS. But regardless of whether an employer decides to appeal through a public Exchange prior to reporting to the IRS via Forms 1094-C and 1095-C, ultimately any penalties that may apply will be reconciled with the IRS.